Chapter : 00:00 How Children Think and Learn. How and Why Children Fail To Achieve Success In School Performance
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Chapter : 00:21 Important Topics
Why is Thinking important in Pedagogy?
The Reasons and Types of Thinking
Thinking and Learning – The Connection
Culture and Thinking – The Connection
Creative Thinking
Developing and Encouraging Thinking
Why Children Fail in School?
Helping Children Succeed
Thorndike – Connectionism and Laws of Learning
Chapter : 01:00 Why is Thinking important in Pedagogy?
Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviours, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences
Data Information Experiences + Thinking = Learning
Thinking Develops throughout our life
Chapter : 02:48 The Processes and Reasons of thinking
Manifestation
Experience
Imitation
Concepts
Imagination
Interest, Desire, Motivation
Logic and Reasoning
Deductive
Inductive
Chapter : 05:00 Types of Thinking
Convergent
Divergent
Reflective
Linear
Lateral
Critical
Chapter : 09:39 Thinking and Learning – The Connection
Data Information Experiences – Thinking – Learning
The Tools of Thinking
Attention
Motivation
Memory
Language
Processing and Organizing
Hands-on Activity
Graphomotor (Writing)
Higher Order Thinking (Logic and Reasoning)
Emotions
Perception (Receiving) + Processing (Thinking) = Learning (Storing and Using knowledge)
Chapter : 12:50 Culture and Thinking
Our Culture, Beliefs, Values, Social practices and Background influence our thinking
Teaching material and methodologies should be culture agnostic, avoiding bias
Chapter : 14:39 Creative Thinking
Creative thinking can result in unique and original ideas or solutions to problems.
Divergent or Open-Ended Thinking – person can think of different answers or solutions
‘Positive’ Divergent thinking can also be called as Creative Thinking
Convergent thinking is required to solve problems which have only one correct answer.
Creativity includes innovation and invention.
Chapter : 18:11 Developing and Encouraging Thinking
Provide opportunities for play and problem solving
Inculcate reading habits
Pause and wait – Don’t intervene or help immediately
Ask open-ended questions
Encourage questions and curiosity
Give responsibility
Help children develop hypotheses, using logic and problem solving skills
Encourage thinking in new and different ways – Divergent or Out of the box
Teach the art of social learning
Chapter : 21:59 Why Children Fail in School?
Fear and Anxiety
Boredom
Confusion and Poor Teaching
Lack of Motivation
Social influence
Interpersonal issues
Physical or Learning disability
Health or Family issues
Distractions – Social Media, Games
Chapter : 26:26 Helping Children Succeed
Factors for ensuring Success in School
Identifying the issues
Training and Sensitizing Teachers
Involving Parents
Child-Centric Teaching
Meaningful and Contextual Learning
Resources, Help and Support
Chapter : 29:24 Thorndike – Connectionism and Laws of Learning
Connectionism Learning consists of connections between stimuli and responses
By trial and error, animals identify connections between a stimulus and a satisfying result. These connections are strengthened because of the pleasure they bring
Thorndike’s Main Laws of Learning
Readiness – There has to be a readiness to learn
Exercise – Regular exercise or practice strengthens learning
Effect – Learning happens if the effect is satisfying. S-R
Chapter : 33:27 Thorndike’s Subordinate Laws of Learning
Multiple-Responses – Learner may try multiple responses till a positive outcome is reached
Set or Attitude – The attitude or a goal set by the learner acts as the motivation
Pre-potency of Elements – Potent elements will get higher responses
Response by Analogy – Learners first use older positive experiences in newer situations
Associative Shifting – The stimulus that gets a response can be slowly shifted – Training dogs to obey commands with treats, till command gets associated with reward
Chapter : 37:15 A young child responds to a new situation on the basis of the response made by him/her in a similar situation as in the past. This is related to law of
analogy of learning
effect of learning
attitude of learning process
readiness of learning
Chapter : 37:55 When a child fails, it means the
system has failed
Chapter : 39:28 If a student is consistently getting lower grades in school, her parents can be advised to help her by
working in close association with teachers
withholding mobile phones, movies, comics and extra time for play
narrating her the hardships of life for those who do not possess proper education
forcing her to work harder at home
Chapter : 40:44 When children learn a concept and use it, practice helps in reducing the errors committed. This idea was given by
E L Thorndike
Chapter : 41:21 Which of the following statements about students’ failure in schools are correct? Students
belonging to certain castes and communities fail since they do not have ability
fail in schools because appropriate rewards are not offered for their learning
fail because teaching is not done in a manner in which it is meaningful to them
fail because school system does not cater to individual child’s needs and interests
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